RIYADH (The Thursday Times) — Ek nayi tehqeeq ke mutabiq Saudi Arab ke Rub al-Khali mein bohat pehle sookh jaane wali ek jheel ke kinare taqreeban ek lakh 25 hazar saal pehle chhori gayi pathar ki nokon par paudon ke zehar ke asaar mile hain, jis se ishara milta hai ke yeh ab tak milne wale qadeem tareen zehar-alood shikari hathiyaron mein shamil ho sakti hain.
Yeh nataij is hafte science ke jaride Science mein shaya hue hain. Yeh tehqeeq Griffith University aur Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology ke Chris Clarkson aur unke 25 saathiyon ne ki, aur nataij Jazeera-numa-e-Arab ke junoob mein phaile ret ke wasee samandar Rub al-Khali mein qadeem Mundafan jheel ke kinare waqay Uruq Aljelibah naami maqam se saamne aaye hain.
Tehqeeqi maqale ke khulase ke mutabiq kai nokon par zarb ke nishanaat aur Acokanthera schimperi naami paude ke zehar ki baqiyaat mili hain, jo “murakkab shikari nizam mein daste par lagi hathiyar ki nokon ke taur par istemal ki nishandahi karti hain”.
Clarkson ne is daawe ki had ke baare mein ehtiyat barti. Unhon ne kaha, “Hum ne yeh sabit nahin kiya ke zehar theek kis tarah tayyar kiya gaya ya yeh moassar tha ya nahin. Is liye main inhein zehar-alood shikari hathiyaron ka mumkina taur par qadeem tareen saboot kahunga, na ke bila shuba sabit-shuda pehla saboot.”
Sarsabz Arab
Yeh ilaqa aaj intehai garam aur khushk hai, jahan ret ke bare bare teelay hain. Lekin taqreeban ek lakh 25 hazar saal pehle, ek garam aur martoob daur mein jise muhaqqiqeen “Green Arabia” yaani sarsabz Arab kehte hain, Mundafan ke tas mein meethe pani ki ek jheel thi. Musannifeen likhte hain ke iske pani mein daryai ghore rehte the, jabke iske gird ghaas ke maidanon mein deoqamat bhainse, ghazal, aur oryx phirte the. Maqale mein is maqam se milne wale janwaron mein shutar murgh aur oont bhi shamil hain.
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ke shareek musannif Frans van Buchem ke mutabiq is maqam ke naam ka matlab hai “pani ke ghaat ke retile teelay”.
Team ne pathar ke 5,500 se zyada auzaar aur unki tayyari se bach jaane wale tukre jama kiye, aur janwaron ke fossils ke saath unke maqamaat ka naqsha banaya. Kuch tukre aapas mein dobara jur gaye, jis se zahir hota hai ke log wahin auzaar banate aur janwaron ka gosht kaatte the. Muhaqqiqeen ne purane sahil ki umar luminescence dating se maloom ki, jo yeh naapti hai ke ret mein dabe zarrat kitne arse se dhoop se door hain, aur daryai ghoron ke fossil daanton ne bhi in nataij ki taeed ki.
Khurdbeen ke neeche kai nokon ke sire toote hue mile, jo kisi janwar par zarb lagne se mutabiqat rakhte hain. Ek nok ke nichle hisse ke qareeb raal aur paudon ke reshon ke asaar baqi the, jiske baare mein musannifeen kehte hain ke ise ghaliban chipka kar ek daste se bandha gaya tha, jabke nok ke qareeb janwaron ki charbi aur protein mehfooz rahi. Woh tasleem karte hain ke woh “yeh tayyun nahin kar sakte ke kisi ne ise phenka tha ya ghonpa tha”.
Portugal ki University of Algarve ke qadeem sangi daur ke mahir-e-asaar-e-qadeema Jeffrey Rose, jo is tehqeeq mein shamil nahin the, ne kaha ke dobara jurne wale tukron se pata chalta hai ke “auzaar wahin banaye gaye the”. Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology ki Eleanor Scerri, jo team ka hissa nahin thin, ne auzaaron aur janwaron ki haddiyon ke darmiyan talluq ko “intehai qaail karne wala” qarar diya.
Africa se bahar
Homo sapiens ne Africa mein irtiqa paya, jahan fossils se zahir hota hai ke yeh nau taqreeban teen lakh saal pehle maujood thi. Baqi duniya mein iska sab se mashhoor phailao taqreeban 60 se 70 hazar saal pehle hua, lekin fossils se pata chalta hai ke is se pehle ke giroh Asia ke kuch hisson tak pohanch chuke the, aur shimali Arab se milne wali insani ungli ki ek haddi Jazeera-numa mein is nau ki maujoodgi ko kam az kam 85 hazar saal pehle tak le jaati hai.
Musannifeen ka kehna hai ke Mundafan ka yeh maqam is baat ki ek nadir jhalak pesh karta hai ke un ibtidai girohon mein se ek kaise rehta tha, aur un maharaton ki bhi jinhon ne logon ko ek aisi jagah zinda rehne ke qabil banaya jo ab zameen ke khushk tareen sehraon mein se ek hai.
