THE HAGUE (The Thursday Times) — Bain-ul-aqwami adalat-e-insaf (ICJ) Jumerat ko is sawal par apna faisla sunaye gi ke aya Myanmar ne apni Rohingya aqliyat ke khilaf naslkushi ki. Adalat ne faisle ke liye 19 November ki subah 10 baje ka waqt muqarrar kiya hai, jis se woh case apne anjam ko pahunche ga jise judges ne saat baras tak zer-e-ghaur rakha. ICJ ne is se pehle kabhi kisi riyasat ko naslkushi ka zimmedar qarar nahin diya.
Muslim aksariyati mulk Gambia ka ilzam hai ke Myanmar ne Rohingya ke khilaf jabr ke zariye 1948 ke naslkushi convention ki khilaf warzi ki. Gyarah deegar riyastein is case mein fareeq ke taur par shamil ho chuki hain. Myanmar naslkushi ke ilzam ki tardeed karta hai aur kehta hai ke us ki karrawaiyan ek musallah baghawat ke khilaf thin. Merits par khuli samaatein 12 se 29 January tak huin, aur adalat ne band kamra ijlason mein mutasireen ki baat bhi suni.
Rakhine se Hague tak
Taqreeban ek dahai qabl Rakhine riyasat mein fauji muhim ne lakhon Rohingya ko sarhad paar kar ke Bangladesh bhaagne par majboor kiya. Myanmar ki fauj ne 2017 ki garmiyon mein ek Rohingya musallah giroh ke hamlon ke baad woh karrawaiyan shuru kin jinhein woh “clearance operations” kehti thi. Panah-gazeenon ne qatl-e-aam ki dastanein sunai hain, jin mein Tula Toli gaon bhi shamil hai, jise satellite tasaweer ne baad mein mismar dikhaya. Bohat se Rohingya taweel arse se shehriyat se mehroom aur Rakhine mein imtiyazi sulook ka shikar the.
Rakhine aaj bhi tanazea ka ilaqa hai. Hafte ko Rakhine mein ek be-ghar afrad ke camp par Myanmar ke fizai hamle mein 12 afrad jaan bahaq hue.
Niyyat ka sawal
Markazi qanooni masla niyyat ka hai. Convention naslkushi ki tareef yun karta hai ke kisi qaumi, naslli ya mazhabi giroh ko mukammal ya juzwi taur par tabah karne ki niyyat se kiye gaye iqdamat, aur pichhle muqadmaat mein ise sabit karna mushkil raha hai. Balkan se mutaliq do muqadmaat mein ICJ ne kisi riyasat ko barah-e-raast naslkushi ka zimmedar thehrane se gurez kiya, agarchay us ne paya ke Serbia Srebrenica ke qatl-e-aam ko rokne mein nakaam raha.
Legal Action Worldwide ki bani Antonia Mulvey, jo saikron Rohingya mutasireen ki numainda hain, ne kaha ke unhein “muhtaat umeed” hai ke adalat Myanmar ko jawab-deh thehraye gi, aur unhon ne mukhtalif dehaat mein ek jaise tarz-e-amal ki nishandehi ki. Un ke mutabiq asmat-dari aur jinsi tashaddud se judges ka nimatna faisle ka aik aham hissa hoga. Myanmar ke liye Aqwam-e-Muttahida ki sabiq tafteesh-kaar Yanghee Lee ne faisle ko mutasireen aur un ke khandanon ke liye tareekhi qarar diya.
Wasi-tar daao
Naslkushi ka faisla Min Aung Hlaing par dabao barhaye ga, jo 2016 se 2017 ke hamlon ke dauran fauj ke sarbarah the, 2021 ki baghawat mein Aung San Suu Kyi ki muntakhib hukumat ka takhta ulta, aur April mein aise intikhabat ke baad civilian sadar bane jinhein wasi paimane par dhandli-zada kaha gaya. Woh alag se Bain-ul-aqwami Faujdari Adalat ki tehqeeqat ki zad mein hain, jo riyastoon ke bajaye afrad par muqadma chalati hai.
Mubasireen ke mutabiq yeh faisla yeh bhi zahir kare ga ke Ghazza ki jang par Israel ke khilaf Junubi Afreeqa ke laye gaye naslkushi ke muqadme mein adalat ka rawaiya kya ho sakta hai. Aqwam-e-Muttahida mein Amriki safeer Mike Waltz khabardar kar chuke hain ke ICJ ko naslkushi ka aisa miyar muqarrar nahin karna chahiye jo ittehadi faujiyon ke khilaf istemal ho sake.
