DUBLIN (The Thursday Times) — Ireland mein kabhi fahash ya nazeba qarar de kar pabandi ki zad mein aane wali taqreeban 12,000 kitaaben Dublin mein mehkama-e-insaf ke us muqaffal kamre se nikali jayengi jahan woh dahaiyon se rakhi hui thin, aur mulk ke censorship qawaneen ki mansookhi ke tehat National Archives muntaqil ki jayengi.
National Archives aur mehkame ke mutabiq woh register, karrawaiyon ki rudad aur notes, jin mein censor hukkam ne har kitaab par pabandi ki wajah darj ki thi, pehli baar awam ke liye dastiyab honge.
Yeh zakheera, jise ghair rasmi taur par “mamnooa kitabon ka kamra” kaha jata hai, St Stephen's Green par mehkame ki imarat mein hai aur bahar ke logon ke liye shaaz-o-naadir hi khola gaya hai. Is mein classici adab se le kar saste novelon aur ilmi kitabon tak sab kuch shamil hai, jin par 1920 ki dahai ke aakhir se 1996 tak kisi na kisi waqt pabandi lagi.
Wilde se Edna O'Brien tak
In kitabon mein Oscar Wilde ki The Picture of Dorian Gray, Brendan Behan ki Borstal Boy, DH Lawrence ki Lady Chatterley's Lover aur Edna O'Brien ka 1960 mein shaya hone wala pehla novel The Country Girls shamil hain. Ian Fleming, JD Salinger, John Updike aur F Scott Fitzgerald ki tehreeron par bhi pabandi lagi, aur The Hygiene of Marriage aur The Complete Husband jaisi gumnam kitabon par bhi.
National Archives ki director Orlaith McBride ne kaha, “Censor hukkam ne woh tehreeren mamnooa qarar dein jinhein woh awami akhlaqiyat ke khilaf ya use kamzor karne wali samajhte thay, yaani har woh cheez jo nashaista lage ya jinsi be-rahrawi ki taraf ishara karti mehsoos ho. Aksar yeh mehz kisi aisi cheez ka ishara hota tha jise bigar paida karne ya akhlaq kharab karne wala samjha ja sakta tha.”
Unhon ne kaha ke khandani mansooba bandi, mane-e-hamal aur tashaddud ke hawale pabandi ka sabab ban sakte thay, aur ishara dene wali tasaveer bhi. McBride ke mutabiq The Country Girls ke maamle mein masla juzvi taur par is ka sarwarq tha, jis par “aurat ke jism ke khad-o-khaal dekhe ja sakte hain”.
Censorship ki aik sadi
Yeh nizam Irish Free State ki 1926 mein qaim karda “Committee on Evil Literature” se shuru hua. Is ki sifarishaat ke natije mein 1929 ka Censorship of Publications Act bana aur aik board qaim hua jo awam aur customs hukkam ki bheji hui kitabon ki janch karta tha. 1930 ki dahai mein board ne jaize ke liye mawad hasil karne ki khatir London ke aik book club ki rukniyat bhi li.
Limerick ke Mary Immaculate College mein tareekh ke lecturer Brian Hughes ne kaha ke rawayye is qadar badal chuke hain ke aaj ke qareen hairan honge ke in kitabon par kabhi pabandi lagi thi. Unhon ne kaha, “Ab in mein se kisi kitaab ko mamnooa samajhne ki koi wajah baqi nahin rahi.”
Censor hukkam ke register aur notes is hafte muntaqil kar diye gaye hain aur awami numaish se pehle un ki hifazati marammat ki ja rahi hai. Kitaaben khud Christmas ke baad muntaqil hongi. McBride ne kaha ke in mein se bohat si pehle edition ki nazuk kitaaben hain jo awam ke liye dastiyab nahin hongi, agarche zyada tar kitaaben aaj dukanon mein aasani se mil jati hain.
